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NOAA Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, where atmospheric carbon dioxide has been measured since the 1950s

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How do we know humans are causing climate change?

Is climate change caused by humans? Yes. NOAA and IPCC data show how scientists know, from record heat to a fossil fuel fingerprint in the air.
Close-up of a residential electricity meter mounted on an exterior wall

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Electricity prices around the world, by country

Household electricity price per kWh by country in US dollars, where the US ranks, and why German and British homes pay more than twice as much.
Smokestacks of the Huntley Generating Station, a coal plant on the Niagara River in Tonawanda, New York

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How carbon pricing works around the world in 2026

See how carbon pricing works, from carbon taxes to cap-and-trade markets, plus current US and EU allowance prices and why the US has no federal one.
Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant on the California coast, seen from Port San Luis

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Nuclear energy’s future in the US and worldwide

The future of nuclear energy includes US plant restarts backed by tech money and a Chinese reactor-building boom that's now roughly half the world's total.
The Monticello Nuclear Generating Plant in Minnesota, an NRC-regulated US nuclear power station

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Is Nuclear Power Safe? What the Death-Rate Data Shows

Measured by deaths per unit of electricity produced, nuclear power is one of the safest sources there is, well below coal, oil, gas, and large hydropower. That holds even with Chernobyl and Fukushima counted in.
A Marcellus Shale natural gas drilling rig above a rural road in Pennsylvania

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How the US shale gas boom changed the energy market

The US shale gas boom turned America into the world's top LNG exporter and pushed natural gas prices to a record low in 2024, before a 2025 rebound.
Hydrogen fuel cell cars at a hydrogen fueling station in Riverside, California

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Where hydrogen fuel cells stand

Most hydrogen fuel cells still run on fossil-based hydrogen, US sales remain tiny next to EVs, and a 2025 law moved up the tax credit deadline.
Gas turbine units at the Big Sandy peaker plant in Wayne County, West Virginia

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What a capacity market is, and why it’s driving up your electricity bill

A capacity market pays power plants for availability. PJM's price rose more than 11-fold in two years, driven by data centers, and it lands on bills.
Large yellow ground-source heat pump condenser piping at a campus geothermal system

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How much a geothermal heat pump costs and how it works

A geothermal heat pump doesn't tap into volcanic heat. It works because the ground a few feet down holds a steady temperature year-round, and installed systems for a typical home run $15,000 to $40,000.
Aerial view of the 72,000-panel solar field at Nellis Air Force Base in Nevada

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How fast solar power is growing in the US and worldwide

Solar led new US power capacity for the fifth year running in 2025 and set a global record, while a new US tax law is set to slow installs through 2031.